prop/lib/microwaveprop/propagation/scorer.ex

defmodule Microwaveprop.Propagation.Scorer do
  @moduledoc """
  Scoring functions for microwave propagation conditions.

  Each of the 10 factors produces a 0-100 score. The composite score is
  a weighted sum using weights from `BandConfig`. All thresholds and
  parameters are read from `BandConfig` — no hardcoded magic numbers here.
  """

  alias Microwaveprop.Propagation.BandConfig

  @shallow_bl_threshold_m BandConfig.shallow_bl_threshold_m()

  # ── Temperature conversion helpers ────────────────────────────────

  @doc "Converts Fahrenheit to Celsius. Returns nil for nil input."
  @spec f_to_c(number() | nil) :: float() | nil
  def f_to_c(nil), do: nil
  def f_to_c(f), do: (f - 32) * 5 / 9

  @doc "Converts Celsius to Fahrenheit. Returns nil for nil input."
  @spec c_to_f(number() | nil) :: float() | nil
  def c_to_f(nil), do: nil
  def c_to_f(c), do: c * 9 / 5 + 32

  # ── Derived value helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────

  @doc """
  Computes absolute humidity in g/m3 from temperature and dewpoint (both Celsius).

  Formula: 217 * (6.112 * exp(17.67 * Td / (Td + 243.5))) / (T + 273.15)
  """
  @spec absolute_humidity(number(), number()) :: float()
  def absolute_humidity(temp_c, dewpoint_c) do
    e_sat = 6.112 * :math.exp(17.67 * dewpoint_c / (dewpoint_c + 243.5))
    217.0 * e_sat / (temp_c + 273.15)
  end

  @doc "Computes wind speed in knots from u and v components in m/s. Returns nil if either is nil."
  @spec wind_speed_kts(number() | nil, number() | nil) :: float() | nil
  def wind_speed_kts(nil, _v), do: nil
  def wind_speed_kts(_u, nil), do: nil

  def wind_speed_kts(u_ms, v_ms) do
    :math.sqrt(u_ms * u_ms + v_ms * v_ms) * 1.94384
  end

  @doc "Converts precipitation accumulation (mm) to rate (mm/hr). Returns 0.0 for nil, zero, or negative."
  @spec precip_to_rate_mmhr(number() | nil) :: float()
  def precip_to_rate_mmhr(nil), do: 0.0
  def precip_to_rate_mmhr(mm) when mm > 0, do: mm / 1
  def precip_to_rate_mmhr(_mm), do: 0.0

  # ── Factor 1: Humidity ────────────────────────────────────────────

  @doc """
  Scores absolute humidity (g/m3) for the given band.

  Beneficial bands (10 GHz): higher humidity improves ducting.
  Harmful bands (24 GHz+): humidity causes absorption loss.
  """
  @spec score_humidity(number(), map()) :: integer()
  def score_humidity(abs_humidity, %{humidity_effect: :beneficial}) do
    thresholds = BandConfig.humidity_beneficial_thresholds()

    case Enum.find(thresholds, fn {max_h, _score} -> abs_humidity < max_h end) do
      {_max, score} -> score
      nil -> BandConfig.humidity_beneficial_default()
    end
  end

  def score_humidity(abs_humidity, %{humidity_effect: :harmful, humidity_penalty: penalty}) do
    r = abs_humidity * penalty

    cond do
      r <= 6 -> 100
      r <= 9 -> round(95 - (r - 6) / 3 * 20)
      r <= 13 -> round(75 - (r - 9) / 4 * 30)
      r <= 18 -> round(45 - (r - 13) / 5 * 35)
      true -> max(0, round(10 - (r - 18) * 2))
    end
  end

  # ── Factor 2: Time of day ─────────────────────────────────────────

  @doc """
  Scores time of day for propagation conditions.

  Returns {score, label} where score is 0-100 and label describes the period.
  Uses longitude-based solar time offset (longitude / 15) so each grid point
  gets its own local time rather than a fixed timezone offset.
  """
  @spec score_time_of_day(integer(), integer(), integer(), number()) :: {integer(), String.t()}
  def score_time_of_day(utc_hour, utc_minute, month, longitude) do
    offset = longitude / 15
    local = :math.fmod(utc_hour + utc_minute / 60 + offset + 24, 24)
    sunrise = Enum.at(BandConfig.sunrise_table(), month - 1)
    d = local - sunrise

    classify_time_period(d, local)
  end

  defp classify_time_period(d, _local) when d >= -1.5 and d <= 1.5, do: {100, "Peak — inversion maximum"}

  defp classify_time_period(d, _local) when d > 1.5 and d <= 3.0, do: {78, "Good — inversion eroding"}

  defp classify_time_period(d, _local) when d > -3.0 and d < -1.5, do: {82, "Pre-dawn — inversion building"}

  defp classify_time_period(d, _local) when d > 3.0 and d <= 6.0, do: {38, "Marginal — boundary layer mixing"}

  defp classify_time_period(_d, local) when local >= 20 or local <= 1, do: {72, "Evening — cooling, inversion reforming"}

  defp classify_time_period(d, _local) when d > 6, do: {18, "Afternoon — full convective mixing"}

  defp classify_time_period(_d, _local), do: {55, "Night — gradual cooling"}

  # ── Factor 3: Temp-dewpoint depression ────────────────────────────

  @doc """
  Scores the temperature-dewpoint depression (both in Fahrenheit).

  Beneficial bands: moisture helps (tight depression = moist = better ducting,
  but too tight means fog which is bad).
  Harmful bands: dry air is better (wide depression = less absorption).
  """
  @spec score_td_depression(number(), number(), map()) :: integer()
  def score_td_depression(temp_f, dewpoint_f, %{humidity_effect: :beneficial}) do
    dep = temp_f - dewpoint_f

    cond do
      dep < 3 -> 40
      dep < 8 -> 75
      dep < 14 -> 85
      dep < 22 -> 70
      true -> 55
    end
  end

  def score_td_depression(temp_f, dewpoint_f, %{humidity_effect: :harmful}) do
    dep = temp_f - dewpoint_f

    cond do
      dep > 22 -> 96
      dep > 14 -> 80
      dep > 8 -> 60
      dep > 4 -> 38
      true -> 18
    end
  end

  # ── Factor 4: Refractivity ───────────────────────────────────────

  @doc """
  Scores minimum refractivity gradient and boundary layer depth.

  Nil gradient returns 50 (unknown). Otherwise walks thresholds from
  BandConfig, falling back to shallow BL score or default.
  """
  @spec score_refractivity(number() | nil, number() | nil, map()) :: integer()
  def score_refractivity(nil, _bl_depth_m, _band_config), do: 50

  def score_refractivity(min_gradient, bl_depth_m, %{humidity_effect: effect}) do
    thresholds = BandConfig.refractivity_thresholds()

    case find_refractivity_threshold(min_gradient, thresholds, effect) do
      {:ok, score} -> score
      :none -> refractivity_fallback(bl_depth_m, effect)
    end
  end

  defp refractivity_fallback(bl_depth_m, _effect) when bl_depth_m != nil and bl_depth_m < @shallow_bl_threshold_m do
    BandConfig.shallow_bl_score()
  end

  defp refractivity_fallback(_bl_depth_m, effect) do
    {beneficial_default, harmful_default} = BandConfig.refractivity_default()

    case effect do
      :beneficial -> beneficial_default
      :harmful -> harmful_default
    end
  end

  defp find_refractivity_threshold(gradient, thresholds, effect) do
    case Enum.find(thresholds, fn {max_grad, _ben, _harm} -> gradient < max_grad end) do
      {_max, beneficial_score, harmful_score} ->
        score =
          case effect do
            :beneficial -> beneficial_score
            :harmful -> harmful_score
          end

        {:ok, score}

      nil ->
        :none
    end
  end

  # ── Factor 5: Sky cover ──────────────────────────────────────────

  @doc "Scores sky cover percentage (0 = clear, 100 = overcast). Nil returns 50."
  @spec score_sky(number() | nil) :: integer()
  def score_sky(nil), do: 50

  def score_sky(pct) do
    cond do
      pct <= 6 -> 100
      pct <= 25 -> 88
      pct <= 50 -> 60
      pct <= 87 -> 25
      true -> 5
    end
  end

  # ── Factor 6: Season ─────────────────────────────────────────────

  @doc "Scores the seasonal effect for the given month and band config."
  @spec score_season(integer(), map()) :: integer()
  def score_season(month, %{seasonal_base: base_map, seasonal_adj: adj_map}) do
    base = Map.get(base_map, month, 50)
    adj = Map.get(adj_map, month, 0)
    min(100, max(0, base + adj))
  end

  # ── Factor 7: Wind ───────────────────────────────────────────────

  @doc "Scores wind speed in knots. Nil returns 50."
  @spec score_wind(number() | nil) :: integer()
  def score_wind(nil), do: 50

  def score_wind(speed_kts) do
    cond do
      speed_kts < 5 -> 100
      speed_kts < 10 -> 90
      speed_kts < 15 -> 75
      speed_kts < 20 -> 55
      speed_kts < 25 -> 35
      true -> 15
    end
  end

  # ── Factor 8: Rain attenuation ───────────────────────────────────

  @doc """
  Scores rain attenuation for the given rate (mm/hr) and band config.

  Uses ITU-R P.838 specific attenuation: gamma = k * R^alpha (dB/km).
  """
  @spec score_rain(number() | nil, map()) :: integer()
  def score_rain(nil, _band_config), do: 100
  def score_rain(rate, _band_config) when rate == 0, do: 100

  def score_rain(rain_rate_mmhr, %{rain_k: k, rain_alpha: alpha}) do
    gamma = k * :math.pow(rain_rate_mmhr, alpha)

    cond do
      gamma < 0.1 -> 95
      gamma < 0.5 -> 75
      gamma < 1.0 -> 50
      gamma < 2.0 -> 25
      gamma < 5.0 -> 10
      true -> 0
    end
  end

  # ── Factor 9: Precipitable water ──────────────────────────────────

  @doc """
  Scores precipitable water (mm).

  Beneficial bands (10 GHz): moderate PWAT is optimal for refractivity.
  Harmful bands (24+ GHz): lower PWAT is better (less water vapor absorption).
  """
  @spec score_pwat(number() | nil, map()) :: integer()
  def score_pwat(nil, _band_config), do: 60

  def score_pwat(pwat_mm, %{humidity_effect: :beneficial}) do
    cond do
      pwat_mm < 10 -> 55
      pwat_mm < 20 -> 75
      pwat_mm < 30 -> 90
      pwat_mm < 40 -> 70
      true -> 50
    end
  end

  def score_pwat(pwat_mm, %{humidity_effect: :harmful}) do
    cond do
      pwat_mm < 10 -> 95
      pwat_mm < 20 -> 80
      pwat_mm < 30 -> 60
      pwat_mm < 40 -> 35
      true -> 15
    end
  end

  # ── Factor 10: Pressure trend ────────────────────────────────────

  @doc """
  Scores barometric pressure and trend.

  Without previous reading, scores based on absolute pressure.
  With previous reading, scores based on pressure change (delta).
  """
  @spec score_pressure(number() | nil, number() | nil) :: integer()
  def score_pressure(nil, _previous_mb), do: 50

  def score_pressure(current_mb, nil) do
    cond do
      current_mb < 1005 -> 80
      current_mb < 1010 -> 70
      current_mb < 1015 -> 60
      current_mb < 1020 -> 45
      true -> 30
    end
  end

  def score_pressure(current_mb, previous_mb) do
    delta = current_mb - previous_mb

    cond do
      delta > 2.5 -> 80
      delta > 0.8 -> 70
      delta > -0.5 -> 60
      delta > -2.0 -> 65
      true -> 45
    end
  end

  # ── Composite score ──────────────────────────────────────────────

  @doc """
  Computes the weighted composite propagation score.

  Takes a conditions map and band config, returns %{score: 0-100, factors: %{...}}.
  """
  @spec composite_score(map(), map()) :: %{score: integer(), factors: map()}
  def composite_score(conditions, band_config) do
    {tod_score, _label} =
      score_time_of_day(conditions.utc_hour, conditions.utc_minute, conditions.month, conditions.longitude)

    factors = %{
      humidity: score_humidity(conditions.abs_humidity, band_config),
      time_of_day: tod_score,
      td_depression: score_td_depression(conditions.temp_f, conditions.dewpoint_f, band_config),
      refractivity:
        score_refractivity(
          conditions.min_refractivity_gradient,
          conditions.bl_depth_m,
          band_config
        ),
      sky: score_sky(conditions.sky_cover_pct),
      season: score_season(conditions.month, band_config),
      wind: score_wind(conditions.wind_speed_kts),
      rain: score_rain(conditions.rain_rate_mmhr, band_config),
      pwat: score_pwat(conditions[:pwat_mm], band_config),
      pressure: score_pressure(conditions.pressure_mb, conditions.prev_pressure_mb)
    }

    weights = BandConfig.weights()

    weighted_sum =
      Enum.reduce(factors, 0.0, fn {factor, score}, acc ->
        acc + score * Map.fetch!(weights, factor)
      end)

    %{score: round(weighted_sum), factors: factors}
  end
end