defmodule Microwaveprop.Weather.NexradClientTest do
  use ExUnit.Case, async: false
  use ExUnitProperties

  alias Microwaveprop.Weather.NexradCache
  alias Microwaveprop.Weather.NexradClient

  describe "round_to_5min/1" do
    test "rounds down to nearest 5-minute boundary" do
      dt = ~U[2022-08-20 14:07:32Z]
      assert NexradClient.round_to_5min(dt) == ~U[2022-08-20 14:05:00Z]
    end

    test "already on a 5-minute boundary stays unchanged" do
      dt = ~U[2022-08-20 14:10:00Z]
      assert NexradClient.round_to_5min(dt) == ~U[2022-08-20 14:10:00Z]
    end

    test "59 minutes rounds down to 55" do
      dt = ~U[2022-08-20 14:59:59Z]
      assert NexradClient.round_to_5min(dt) == ~U[2022-08-20 14:55:00Z]
    end
  end

  describe "frame_url/1" do
    test "builds correct IEM n0q URL from datetime" do
      dt = ~U[2022-08-20 14:05:00Z]
      url = NexradClient.frame_url(dt)

      assert url ==
               "https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/archive/data/2022/08/20/GIS/uscomp/n0q_202208201405.png"
    end

    test "pads single-digit month and day" do
      dt = ~U[2022-01-05 03:00:00Z]
      url = NexradClient.frame_url(dt)

      assert url ==
               "https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/archive/data/2022/01/05/GIS/uscomp/n0q_202201050300.png"
    end
  end

  describe "latlon_to_pixel/2" do
    test "converts coordinates to pixel positions" do
      # Top-left corner: lat=50, lon=-126
      {x, y} = NexradClient.latlon_to_pixel(50.0, -126.0)
      assert x == 0
      assert y == 0
    end

    test "bottom-right corner" do
      # lon = -65 -> x = (-65 - -126) / 0.005 = 61 / 0.005 = 12200
      # lat = 23 -> y = (50 - 23) / 0.005 = 27 / 0.005 = 5400
      {x, y} = NexradClient.latlon_to_pixel(23.0, -65.0)
      assert x == 12_200
      assert y == 5400
    end

    test "DFW area" do
      # DFW: lat ~32.9, lon ~-97.0
      {x, y} = NexradClient.latlon_to_pixel(32.9, -97.0)

      # x = (-97 - -126) / 0.005 = 29 / 0.005 = 5800
      assert x == 5800
      # y = (50 - 32.9) / 0.005 = 17.1 / 0.005 = 3420
      assert y == 3420
    end
  end

  describe "extract_box/4" do
    test "extracts stats from a box of pixel values" do
      # Create a simple 100x100 image (all zeros except a small region)
      width = 100
      height = 100
      pixels = :binary.copy(<<0>>, width * height)

      # Put some non-zero values around pixel (50, 50) - a 5x5 block
      pixels =
        Enum.reduce(48..52, pixels, fn y, acc ->
          Enum.reduce(48..52, acc, fn x, inner_acc ->
            offset = y * width + x
            <<pre::binary-size(offset), _::8, post::binary>> = inner_acc
            <<pre::binary, 120::8, post::binary>>
          end)
        end)

      result = NexradClient.extract_box(pixels, width, 50, 50, 5)

      assert result.pixel_count == 25
      assert result.max_reflectivity_dbz > 0
      assert result.mean_reflectivity_dbz > 0
      assert result.texture_variance == 0.0
    end

    test "returns zeros for an empty box" do
      width = 100
      height = 100
      pixels = :binary.copy(<<0>>, width * height)

      result = NexradClient.extract_box(pixels, width, 50, 50, 5)

      assert result.pixel_count == 0
      assert result.mean_reflectivity_dbz == 0.0
      assert result.max_reflectivity_dbz == 0.0
      assert result.texture_variance == 0.0
    end

    test "computes texture variance for mixed values" do
      width = 100
      height = 100
      pixels = :binary.copy(<<0>>, width * height)

      # Place alternating values: half 100, half 200
      pixels =
        Enum.reduce(48..52, pixels, fn y, acc ->
          Enum.reduce(48..52, acc, fn x, inner_acc ->
            offset = y * width + x
            value = if rem(x + y, 2) == 0, do: 100, else: 200
            <<pre::binary-size(offset), _::8, post::binary>> = inner_acc
            <<pre::binary, value::8, post::binary>>
          end)
        end)

      result = NexradClient.extract_box(pixels, width, 50, 50, 5)

      assert result.pixel_count == 25
      # Variance should be non-zero since we have mixed values
      assert result.texture_variance > 0.0
    end

    test "handles box at image boundary by clamping" do
      width = 100
      height = 100
      pixels = :binary.copy(<<50>>, width * height)

      # Corner case: near edge
      result = NexradClient.extract_box(pixels, width, 2, 2, 25)

      # Should not crash; pixel_count depends on how many pixels are in bounds
      assert result.pixel_count > 0
    end
  end

  describe "fetch_decoded_frame/1 caching" do
    # Minimal 20×20 indexed-color PNG identical to the NexradWorkerTest
    # fixture. Used here just to give the decoder something valid to
    # chew on; caching semantics don't care about the contents.
    defp minimal_png(width \\ 20, height \\ 20) do
      signature = <<137, 80, 78, 71, 13, 10, 26, 10>>
      ihdr_data = <<width::32, height::32, 8, 3, 0, 0, 0>>
      ihdr_chunk = <<byte_size(ihdr_data)::32, "IHDR", ihdr_data::binary, 0::32>>

      raw = for _ <- 1..height, into: <<>>, do: <<0, 0::size(width)-unit(8)>>
      compressed = :zlib.compress(raw)
      idat_chunk = <<byte_size(compressed)::32, "IDAT", compressed::binary, 0::32>>
      iend_chunk = <<0::32, "IEND", 0::32>>

      signature <> ihdr_chunk <> idat_chunk <> iend_chunk
    end

    setup do
      NexradCache.clear()
      on_exit(fn -> NexradCache.clear() end)
      :ok
    end

    test "first call fetches+decodes; second call for same 5-min bucket is served from cache" do
      test_pid = self()

      Req.Test.stub(NexradClient, fn conn ->
        send(test_pid, :http_fetched)
        Plug.Conn.send_resp(conn, 200, minimal_png())
      end)

      ts = ~U[2022-08-20 14:07:00Z]

      {:ok, pixels1, width1} = NexradClient.fetch_decoded_frame(ts)
      {:ok, pixels2, width2} = NexradClient.fetch_decoded_frame(ts)

      # The cache is keyed on the 5-min rounded timestamp, so a
      # second call within the same bucket reuses the decoded pixels.
      assert pixels1 == pixels2
      assert width1 == width2
      assert_received :http_fetched
      refute_received :http_fetched
    end

    test "different 5-min buckets hit the network separately" do
      test_pid = self()

      Req.Test.stub(NexradClient, fn conn ->
        send(test_pid, :http_fetched)
        Plug.Conn.send_resp(conn, 200, minimal_png())
      end)

      {:ok, _, _} = NexradClient.fetch_decoded_frame(~U[2022-08-20 14:05:00Z])
      {:ok, _, _} = NexradClient.fetch_decoded_frame(~U[2022-08-20 14:10:00Z])

      assert_received :http_fetched
      assert_received :http_fetched
    end
  end

  describe "pixel_to_dbz/1" do
    test "value 0 maps to 0 (no echo)" do
      assert NexradClient.pixel_to_dbz(0) == 0.0
    end

    test "value 255 maps to approximately 95 dBZ" do
      dbz = NexradClient.pixel_to_dbz(255)
      assert_in_delta dbz, 95.0, 1.0
    end

    test "mid-range value produces reasonable dBZ" do
      dbz = NexradClient.pixel_to_dbz(128)
      assert dbz > 0.0
      assert dbz < 95.0
    end

    property "is monotonic non-decreasing across [1, 255]" do
      check all(
              a <- integer(1..254),
              delta <- integer(0..254)
            ) do
        b = min(a + delta, 255)
        assert NexradClient.pixel_to_dbz(a) <= NexradClient.pixel_to_dbz(b)
      end
    end

    property "output is in [-30.0, 95.0] for any byte value [1, 255]" do
      check all(value <- integer(1..255)) do
        dbz = NexradClient.pixel_to_dbz(value)
        assert dbz >= -30.0
        assert dbz <= 95.0 + 1.0e-9
      end
    end
  end

  describe "latlon_to_pixel/2 invariants" do
    property "matching lat/lon corners snap to pixel corners exactly" do
      # The CONUS grid is a 12201×5401 frame anchored at (50N, -126W)
      # with 0.005° resolution. Every cell center whose (lat, lon)
      # is aligned with the grid must round-trip to the integer pixel
      # coordinates the module's constants imply.
      check all(
              x <- integer(0..12_200),
              y <- integer(0..5400)
            ) do
        lat = 50.0 - y * 0.005
        lon = -126.0 + x * 0.005
        {px, py} = NexradClient.latlon_to_pixel(lat, lon)
        assert px == x
        assert py == y
      end
    end
  end

  describe "fetch_frame/2 error paths" do
    setup do
      NexradCache.clear()
      on_exit(fn -> NexradCache.clear() end)
      :ok
    end

    test "HTTP 500 returns {:error, _} with status message" do
      Req.Test.stub(NexradClient, fn conn ->
        Plug.Conn.send_resp(conn, 500, "boom")
      end)

      assert {:error, msg} = NexradClient.fetch_frame(~U[2022-08-20 14:05:00Z], [{32.9, -97.0}])
      assert msg =~ "500"
    end

    test "HTTP 404 returns {:error, _}" do
      Req.Test.stub(NexradClient, fn conn ->
        Plug.Conn.send_resp(conn, 404, "not found")
      end)

      assert {:error, msg} = NexradClient.fetch_frame(~U[2022-08-20 14:05:00Z], [{32.9, -97.0}])
      assert msg =~ "404"
    end

    test "transport timeout bubbles up as {:error, _}" do
      Req.Test.stub(NexradClient, fn conn ->
        Req.Test.transport_error(conn, :timeout)
      end)

      assert {:error, reason} = NexradClient.fetch_frame(~U[2022-08-20 14:05:00Z], [{32.9, -97.0}])
      assert reason
    end
  end

  describe "fetch_decoded_frame/1 error paths" do
    setup do
      NexradCache.clear()
      on_exit(fn -> NexradCache.clear() end)
      :ok
    end

    test "HTTP 503 returns {:error, _} and does not populate cache" do
      Req.Test.stub(NexradClient, fn conn ->
        Plug.Conn.send_resp(conn, 503, "unavailable")
      end)

      ts = ~U[2022-08-20 14:05:00Z]
      assert {:error, msg} = NexradClient.fetch_decoded_frame(ts)
      assert msg =~ "503"

      # Cache must not carry forward a 503 — next call must hit the network
      # again (the stub is still in place, so we still get the same error).
      assert {:error, _} = NexradClient.fetch_decoded_frame(ts)
    end

    test "malformed PNG body returns {:error, _} from the decoder" do
      Req.Test.stub(NexradClient, fn conn ->
        Plug.Conn.send_resp(conn, 200, "not a png")
      end)

      assert {:error, reason} = NexradClient.fetch_decoded_frame(~U[2022-08-20 14:05:00Z])
      # decode_png_to_pixels wraps any exception into this string
      assert is_binary(reason)
      assert reason =~ "PNG decode failed"
    end
  end

  describe "frame_url/1 round-trip property" do
    property "url embeds the date path and a 12-digit timestamp for any rounded 5-min input" do
      check all(
              year <- integer(2015..2030),
              month <- integer(1..12),
              day <- integer(1..28),
              hour <- integer(0..23),
              minute_bucket <- integer(0..11)
            ) do
        dt = %DateTime{
          year: year,
          month: month,
          day: day,
          hour: hour,
          minute: minute_bucket * 5,
          second: 0,
          microsecond: {0, 0},
          std_offset: 0,
          utc_offset: 0,
          zone_abbr: "UTC",
          time_zone: "Etc/UTC"
        }

        url = NexradClient.frame_url(dt)

        date_path =
          "#{year}/#{String.pad_leading(Integer.to_string(month), 2, "0")}/" <>
            String.pad_leading(Integer.to_string(day), 2, "0")

        file_ts =
          [year, month, day, hour, minute_bucket * 5]
          |> Enum.map(&Integer.to_string/1)
          |> Enum.zip([4, 2, 2, 2, 2])
          |> Enum.map_join(fn {str, w} -> String.pad_leading(str, w, "0") end)

        assert String.contains?(url, date_path)
        assert String.contains?(url, "n0q_#{file_ts}.png")
      end
    end
  end

  describe "extract_box/5 edge cases" do
    test "box partially off the left edge returns whatever pixels fall inside" do
      # 4-row × 10-col frame, every pixel hot.
      pixels = :binary.copy(<<128>>, 40)
      # Centre x=0 → x_min=0, x_max=2. Centre y=0 → y_min=0, y_max=2.
      result = NexradClient.extract_box(pixels, 10, 0, 0, 2)
      assert result.pixel_count > 0
      assert result.max_reflectivity_dbz > 0.0
    end

    test "box entirely off the right edge returns no-data (no pixels)" do
      pixels = :binary.copy(<<128>>, 40)
      # width=10, cx=50 → x_min=48, x_max=9 → empty range after clamp.
      result = NexradClient.extract_box(pixels, 10, 50, 2, 2)
      assert result.pixel_count == 0
      assert result.mean_reflectivity_dbz == 0.0
      assert result.max_reflectivity_dbz == 0.0
      assert result.texture_variance == 0.0
    end

    test "zero pixels in box yields the no-echo stats tuple" do
      pixels = :binary.copy(<<0>>, 40)
      result = NexradClient.extract_box(pixels, 10, 5, 2, 2)
      # Every pixel is 0 → none enter the filtered dbz_values list.
      assert result.pixel_count == 0
      assert result.mean_reflectivity_dbz == 0.0
    end
  end

  describe "fetch_decoded_frame/1 cache population" do
    # Minimal 20×20 indexed-color PNG identical to the earlier fixture.
    defp tiny_png(width \\ 20, height \\ 20) do
      signature = <<137, 80, 78, 71, 13, 10, 26, 10>>
      ihdr_data = <<width::32, height::32, 8, 3, 0, 0, 0>>
      ihdr_chunk = <<byte_size(ihdr_data)::32, "IHDR", ihdr_data::binary, 0::32>>

      raw = for _ <- 1..height, into: <<>>, do: <<0, 0::size(width)-unit(8)>>
      compressed = :zlib.compress(raw)
      idat_chunk = <<byte_size(compressed)::32, "IDAT", compressed::binary, 0::32>>
      iend_chunk = <<0::32, "IEND", 0::32>>

      signature <> ihdr_chunk <> idat_chunk <> iend_chunk
    end

    setup do
      NexradCache.clear()
      on_exit(fn -> NexradCache.clear() end)
      :ok
    end

    test "successful fetch populates the cache (second fetch is a :hit)" do
      Req.Test.stub(NexradClient, fn conn ->
        Plug.Conn.send_resp(conn, 200, tiny_png())
      end)

      ts = ~U[2022-08-20 14:07:00Z]
      rounded = NexradClient.round_to_5min(ts)

      assert NexradCache.fetch(rounded) == :miss
      {:ok, _pixels, _width} = NexradClient.fetch_decoded_frame(ts)
      assert {:ok, _pixels2, _width2} = NexradCache.fetch(rounded)
    end
  end

  describe "fetch_decoded_frame/1 empty body" do
    setup do
      NexradCache.clear()
      on_exit(fn -> NexradCache.clear() end)
      :ok
    end

    test "zero-byte 200 response surfaces a PNG decode error" do
      Req.Test.stub(NexradClient, fn conn ->
        Plug.Conn.send_resp(conn, 200, "")
      end)

      assert {:error, reason} = NexradClient.fetch_decoded_frame(~U[2022-08-20 14:05:00Z])
      assert is_binary(reason)
      assert reason =~ "PNG decode failed"
    end
  end

  describe "frame_url/1 year boundaries" do
    test "Dec 31 23:55 produces a URL anchored in the old year" do
      dt = ~U[2022-12-31 23:55:00Z]
      url = NexradClient.frame_url(dt)
      assert url =~ "2022/12/31"
      assert url =~ "n0q_202212312355.png"
      refute url =~ "2023/"
    end

    test "Jan 1 00:00 of the following year flips cleanly into the new year" do
      dt = ~U[2023-01-01 00:00:00Z]
      url = NexradClient.frame_url(dt)
      assert url =~ "2023/01/01"
      assert url =~ "n0q_202301010000.png"
      refute url =~ "2022/"
    end

    test "rounding 23:59 Dec 31 stays in Dec 31 (no rollover via round_to_5min)" do
      dt = ~U[2022-12-31 23:59:59Z]
      rounded = NexradClient.round_to_5min(dt)
      assert rounded.year == 2022
      assert rounded.month == 12
      assert rounded.day == 31
      assert rounded.hour == 23
      assert rounded.minute == 55
      url = NexradClient.frame_url(rounded)
      assert url =~ "2022/12/31"
    end
  end
end