defmodule Microwaveprop.Terrain.TerrainAnalysisTest do
  use ExUnit.Case, async: true

  alias Microwaveprop.Terrain.TerrainAnalysis

  describe "fresnel_radius/3" do
    test "returns 0 when d1 or d2 is 0" do
      assert TerrainAnalysis.fresnel_radius(0, 1000, 0.023) == 0
      assert TerrainAnalysis.fresnel_radius(1000, 0, 0.023) == 0
    end

    test "computes correct Fresnel radius for known values" do
      # 1296 MHz -> lambda = 0.2315 m
      lambda = 0.3 / 1.296
      d1 = 50_000.0
      d2 = 50_000.0

      r = TerrainAnalysis.fresnel_radius(d1, d2, lambda)
      assert_in_delta r, 76.1, 1.0
    end
  end

  describe "earth_bulge/3" do
    test "returns 0 at endpoints" do
      assert TerrainAnalysis.earth_bulge(0.0, 100.0) == 0.0
      assert TerrainAnalysis.earth_bulge(1.0, 100.0) == 0.0
    end

    test "maximum bulge at midpoint of 100 km path" do
      bulge = TerrainAnalysis.earth_bulge(0.5, 100.0)
      assert_in_delta bulge, 147.0, 2.0
    end

    test "bulge increases with path length" do
      bulge_50 = TerrainAnalysis.earth_bulge(0.5, 50.0)
      bulge_100 = TerrainAnalysis.earth_bulge(0.5, 100.0)
      assert bulge_100 > bulge_50
    end

    test "bulge decreases with larger k-factor (super-refraction)" do
      bulge_std = TerrainAnalysis.earth_bulge(0.5, 100.0, 4 / 3)
      bulge_super = TerrainAnalysis.earth_bulge(0.5, 100.0, 2.0)
      assert bulge_super < bulge_std
    end
  end

  # P.526-16 Eq. 31: J(ν) = 6.9 + 20*log10(sqrt((ν-0.1)² + 1) + ν - 0.1)
  describe "knife_edge_loss/1 (P.526-16 Eq. 31)" do
    test "returns 0 for ν ≤ -0.78 (well clear)" do
      assert TerrainAnalysis.knife_edge_loss(-1.0) == 0
      assert TerrainAnalysis.knife_edge_loss(-0.8) == 0
    end

    test "returns ~6 dB at grazing (ν = 0)" do
      loss = TerrainAnalysis.knife_edge_loss(0.0)
      assert_in_delta loss, 6.0, 0.1
    end

    test "returns ~13.9 dB at ν = 1" do
      loss = TerrainAnalysis.knife_edge_loss(1.0)
      assert_in_delta loss, 13.9, 0.2
    end

    test "returns ~19.0 dB at ν = 2" do
      loss = TerrainAnalysis.knife_edge_loss(2.0)
      assert_in_delta loss, 19.0, 0.2
    end

    test "returns ~22.5 dB at ν = 3" do
      loss = TerrainAnalysis.knife_edge_loss(3.0)
      assert_in_delta loss, 22.5, 0.3
    end

    test "monotonically increases with ν" do
      values = [-0.5, 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0]

      losses = Enum.map(values, &TerrainAnalysis.knife_edge_loss/1)

      losses
      |> Enum.chunk_every(2, 1, :discard)
      |> Enum.each(fn [a, b] -> assert b >= a end)
    end
  end

  describe "diffraction_param/4" do
    test "returns positive ν for obstacle above beam (blocked)" do
      # h = 50m above beam, d1 = d2 = 25km, 10 GHz (λ = 0.03m)
      nu = TerrainAnalysis.diffraction_param(50.0, 25_000.0, 25_000.0, 0.03)
      assert nu > 0
    end

    test "returns negative ν for obstacle below beam (clear)" do
      nu = TerrainAnalysis.diffraction_param(-50.0, 25_000.0, 25_000.0, 0.03)
      assert nu < 0
    end

    test "returns 0 at grazing" do
      assert TerrainAnalysis.diffraction_param(0.0, 25_000.0, 25_000.0, 0.03) == 0.0
    end

    test "ν increases with frequency (shorter wavelength = sharper shadow)" do
      nu_10ghz = TerrainAnalysis.diffraction_param(50.0, 25_000.0, 25_000.0, 0.03)
      nu_24ghz = TerrainAnalysis.diffraction_param(50.0, 25_000.0, 25_000.0, 0.0125)
      assert nu_24ghz > nu_10ghz
    end
  end

  describe "k_factor/1" do
    test "returns 4/3 for standard atmosphere (-39 N/km)" do
      k = TerrainAnalysis.k_factor(-39.0)
      assert_in_delta k, 4 / 3, 0.01
    end

    test "returns ~1.0 for no refraction (0 N/km)" do
      k = TerrainAnalysis.k_factor(0.0)
      assert_in_delta k, 1.0, 0.01
    end

    test "returns large value approaching ducting (-157 N/km)" do
      k = TerrainAnalysis.k_factor(-150.0)
      assert k > 5
    end

    test "returns 4/3 for nil input" do
      assert_in_delta TerrainAnalysis.k_factor(nil), 4 / 3, 0.001
    end
  end

  describe "analyse/4" do
    test "returns CLEAR for flat terrain with antenna heights" do
      profile =
        for i <- 0..10 do
          f = i / 10
          %{lat: 32.9 + f * 0.09, lon: -97.0, d: f, elev: 0.0, dist_km: f * 10.0}
        end

      result = TerrainAnalysis.analyse(profile, 10.0, 1.296, ant_ht_a: 30.0, ant_ht_b: 30.0)

      assert result.verdict == "CLEAR"
      assert result.obstructed_count == 0
      assert result.diffraction_db == 0
    end

    test "returns BLOCKED for high obstacle" do
      profile =
        for i <- 0..10 do
          f = i / 10
          elev = if i == 5, do: 500.0, else: 100.0
          %{lat: 32.9 + f, lon: -97.0, d: f, elev: elev, dist_km: f * 50.0}
        end

      result = TerrainAnalysis.analyse(profile, 50.0, 1.296)

      assert result.verdict == "BLOCKED"
      assert result.diffraction_db > 0
    end

    test "max_elevation_m reflects the terrain peak" do
      profile =
        for i <- 0..4 do
          f = i / 4
          elev = if i == 2, do: 500.0, else: 100.0
          %{lat: 32.9 + f, lon: -97.0, d: f, elev: elev, dist_km: f * 50.0}
        end

      result = TerrainAnalysis.analyse(profile, 50.0, 1.296)
      assert_in_delta result.max_elevation_m, 500.0, 0.1
    end

    test "elevated endpoints clear over flat terrain" do
      profile =
        for i <- 0..10 do
          f = i / 10
          %{lat: 32.9 + f * 0.18, lon: -97.0, d: f, elev: 0.0, dist_km: f * 20.0}
        end

      result = TerrainAnalysis.analyse(profile, 20.0, 1.296, ant_ht_a: 200.0, ant_ht_b: 200.0)
      assert result.verdict == "CLEAR"
    end

    test "returns FRESNEL verdict for moderate ridge" do
      profile =
        for i <- 0..10 do
          f = i / 10
          elev = if i == 5, do: 165.0, else: 0.0
          %{lat: 32.9 + f * 0.18, lon: -97.0, d: f, elev: elev, dist_km: f * 20.0}
        end

      result = TerrainAnalysis.analyse(profile, 20.0, 1.296, ant_ht_a: 200.0, ant_ht_b: 200.0)
      assert result.verdict in ["FRESNEL_MINOR", "FRESNEL_PARTIAL"]
      assert result.fresnel_hit_count >= 1
    end

    test "antenna heights raise beam above terrain" do
      profile =
        for i <- 0..10 do
          f = i / 10
          elev = if i == 5, do: 30.0, else: 0.0
          %{lat: 32.9 + f * 0.09, lon: -97.0, d: f, elev: elev, dist_km: f * 10.0}
        end

      result_low = TerrainAnalysis.analyse(profile, 10.0, 1.296)
      result_high = TerrainAnalysis.analyse(profile, 10.0, 1.296, ant_ht_a: 100.0, ant_ht_b: 100.0)

      assert result_low.verdict == "BLOCKED"
      assert result_high.verdict == "CLEAR"
    end

    test "min_clearance_m can be negative for obstructed paths" do
      profile =
        for i <- 0..4 do
          f = i / 4
          elev = if i == 2, do: 500.0, else: 100.0
          %{lat: 32.9 + f, lon: -97.0, d: f, elev: elev, dist_km: f * 50.0}
        end

      result = TerrainAnalysis.analyse(profile, 50.0, 1.296)
      assert result.min_clearance_m < 0
    end

    test "accepts k_factor option for atmospheric correction" do
      profile =
        for i <- 0..10 do
          f = i / 10
          elev = if i == 5, do: 100.0, else: 0.0
          %{lat: 32.9 + f * 0.09, lon: -97.0, d: f, elev: elev, dist_km: f * 50.0}
        end

      # Super-refraction (k=2) reduces earth bulge → less total obstruction → less loss
      result_std = TerrainAnalysis.analyse(profile, 50.0, 10.0, k_factor: 4 / 3)
      result_super = TerrainAnalysis.analyse(profile, 50.0, 10.0, k_factor: 2.0)

      assert result_super.diffraction_db <= result_std.diffraction_db
    end

    test "Deygout: two obstacles produce more loss than single worst" do
      # Two 300m peaks at 1/3 and 2/3 of a 60km path, endpoints at 0m
      profile =
        for i <- 0..6 do
          f = i / 6

          elev =
            case i do
              2 -> 300.0
              4 -> 300.0
              _ -> 0.0
            end

          %{lat: 32.9 + f, lon: -97.0, d: f, elev: elev, dist_km: f * 60.0}
        end

      result = TerrainAnalysis.analyse(profile, 60.0, 10.0)

      # Single 300m peak at midpoint of 60km path for comparison
      single_profile =
        for i <- 0..6 do
          f = i / 6
          elev = if i == 3, do: 300.0, else: 0.0
          %{lat: 32.9 + f, lon: -97.0, d: f, elev: elev, dist_km: f * 60.0}
        end

      single_result = TerrainAnalysis.analyse(single_profile, 60.0, 10.0)

      # Two obstacles should produce MORE diffraction loss than a single one
      assert result.diffraction_db > single_result.diffraction_db
    end

    test "higher frequency produces more diffraction loss for same obstacle" do
      profile =
        for i <- 0..10 do
          f = i / 10
          elev = if i == 5, do: 200.0, else: 0.0
          %{lat: 32.9 + f, lon: -97.0, d: f, elev: elev, dist_km: f * 30.0}
        end

      result_10ghz = TerrainAnalysis.analyse(profile, 30.0, 10.0)
      result_24ghz = TerrainAnalysis.analyse(profile, 30.0, 24.0)

      assert result_24ghz.diffraction_db > result_10ghz.diffraction_db
    end
  end
end