defmodule Microwaveprop.Buildings.MsFootprints do
  @moduledoc """
  Bing-style quadkey math, dataset-index lookup, and tile downloader
  for Microsoft's Global ML Building Footprints
  (https://github.com/microsoft/GlobalMLBuildingFootprints).

  We use quadkey level 9 — each tile covers ~80 km × 65 km at DFW
  latitude, which matches the rover Calculate radius. Files are
  line-delimited GeoJSON inside csv.gz, hosted on Azure Blob Storage.
  """

  require Logger

  @dataset_links_url "https://minedbuildings.z5.web.core.windows.net/global-buildings/dataset-links.csv"
  @region "UnitedStates"

  @doc """
  Returns the Bing/MS quadkey string for `lat, lon` at the given `zoom`.

  Encodes via Web Mercator pixel coordinates → tile XY → quadkey, per
  https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/bingmaps/articles/bing-maps-tile-system.
  """
  @spec quadkey(float(), float(), pos_integer()) :: String.t()
  def quadkey(lat, lon, zoom) when zoom in 1..23 do
    {tx, ty} = tile_xy(lat, lon, zoom)
    encode_quadkey(tx, ty, zoom)
  end

  @doc """
  Returns the unique set of quadkeys at `zoom` whose tile boundary
  intersects the bbox. Used to discover which MS tiles need to be
  downloaded for a Calculate.
  """
  @spec quadkeys_for_bbox(map(), pos_integer()) :: [String.t()]
  def quadkeys_for_bbox(%{"south" => s, "north" => n, "west" => w, "east" => e}, zoom) do
    {tx_min, ty_max} = tile_xy(s, w, zoom)
    {tx_max, ty_min} = tile_xy(n, e, zoom)

    for tx <- tx_min..tx_max, ty <- ty_min..ty_max, uniq: true do
      encode_quadkey(tx, ty, zoom)
    end
  end

  defp tile_xy(lat, lon, zoom) do
    lat_clamped = lat |> max(-85.05112878) |> min(85.05112878)
    n = :math.pow(2, zoom)

    x = (lon + 180.0) / 360.0 * n
    sin_lat = :math.sin(lat_clamped * :math.pi() / 180.0)
    y = (0.5 - :math.log((1 + sin_lat) / (1 - sin_lat)) / (4 * :math.pi())) * n

    {clamp_tile(trunc(x), zoom), clamp_tile(trunc(y), zoom)}
  end

  defp clamp_tile(t, zoom) do
    max_tile = trunc(:math.pow(2, zoom)) - 1
    t |> max(0) |> min(max_tile)
  end

  defp encode_quadkey(tx, ty, zoom) do
    Enum.reduce(zoom..1//-1, "", fn i, acc ->
      mask = Bitwise.bsl(1, i - 1)
      digit = digit_for(tx, ty, mask)
      acc <> Integer.to_string(digit)
    end)
  end

  defp digit_for(tx, ty, mask) do
    x_bit = if Bitwise.band(tx, mask) == 0, do: 0, else: 1
    y_bit = if Bitwise.band(ty, mask) == 0, do: 0, else: 1
    Bitwise.bor(Bitwise.bsl(y_bit, 1), x_bit)
  end

  @doc """
  Returns `%{quadkey => url}` for every UnitedStates row in the MS
  dataset-links CSV. Result is memoized in `Microwaveprop.Cache` for
  24 hours; the index file is ~7 MB so we don't want to refetch it
  on every Calculate.
  """
  @spec dataset_index() :: %{String.t() => String.t()}
  def dataset_index do
    Microwaveprop.Cache.fetch_or_store(:ms_footprints_index, 24 * 60 * 60 * 1_000, fn ->
      case http_get(@dataset_links_url, retry: false, receive_timeout: 30_000) do
        {:ok, %{status: 200, body: body}} -> parse_dataset_index(body)
        other -> raise "ms footprints dataset index fetch failed: #{inspect(other)}"
      end
    end)
  end

  defp http_get(url, opts) do
    runner = Application.get_env(:microwaveprop, :ms_footprints_http_get, &Req.get/2)
    runner.(url, opts)
  end

  defp parse_dataset_index(body) when is_binary(body) do
    body
    |> String.split("\n", trim: true)
    |> Enum.drop(1)
    |> Enum.flat_map(fn line ->
      case String.split(line, ",", parts: 5) do
        [@region, qk, url, _size, _date] -> [{qk, url}]
        _ -> []
      end
    end)
    |> Map.new()
  end

  @doc """
  Local cache directory for downloaded csv.gz files. Override via
  `:microwaveprop, :buildings_cache_dir` to redirect into NFS in prod.
  """
  @spec cache_dir() :: String.t()
  def cache_dir do
    Application.get_env(:microwaveprop, :buildings_cache_dir, "/data/buildings")
  end

  @doc """
  Ensure `quadkey` is downloaded to disk; returns `{:ok, path}` or
  `{:error, reason}`. Re-downloads are skipped if the cached file is
  already present.
  """
  @spec download_tile(String.t()) :: {:ok, String.t()} | {:error, term()}
  def download_tile(quadkey) when is_binary(quadkey) do
    path = Path.join(cache_dir(), "#{quadkey}.csv.gz")

    if File.exists?(path) do
      {:ok, path}
    else
      do_download_tile(quadkey, path)
    end
  end

  defp do_download_tile(quadkey, path) do
    case Map.fetch(dataset_index(), quadkey) do
      :error ->
        {:error, :unknown_quadkey}

      {:ok, url} ->
        File.mkdir_p!(cache_dir())
        Logger.info("downloading MS footprint tile #{quadkey} from #{url}")

        case http_get(url, retry: false, receive_timeout: 120_000) do
          {:ok, %{status: 200, body: body}} ->
            File.write!(path, body)
            {:ok, path}

          {:ok, %{status: status}} ->
            {:error, {:http, status}}

          {:error, reason} ->
            {:error, reason}
        end
    end
  end

  @doc """
  Delete building cache files whose mtime is older than `cutoff`.
  Returns the number of files deleted.
  """
  @spec prune_older_than(DateTime.t()) :: integer()
  def prune_older_than(%DateTime{} = cutoff) do
    cutoff_unix = DateTime.to_unix(cutoff)

    case File.ls(cache_dir()) do
      {:ok, files} -> Enum.reduce(files, 0, &prune_file(&1, &2, cutoff_unix))
      _ -> 0
    end
  end

  defp prune_file(file, acc, cutoff_unix) do
    path = Path.join(cache_dir(), file)

    case File.stat(path) do
      {:ok, stat} ->
        mtime_unix = stat.mtime |> NaiveDateTime.from_erl!() |> DateTime.from_naive!("Etc/UTC") |> DateTime.to_unix()

        if mtime_unix < cutoff_unix do
          _ = File.rm(path)
          acc + 1
        else
          acc
        end

      {:error, :enoent} ->
        # Race: file deleted between File.ls and File.stat. Skip it.
        acc

      {:error, reason} ->
        Logger.warning("MsFootprints.prune_older_than: stat failed for #{file}: #{inspect(reason)}")
        acc
    end
  end
end