diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 91caa6ca..20c58fac 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 # The directory Mix will write compiled artifacts to.
 /_build/
 
+# Environment variables (secrets)
+.envrc
+
 # If you run "mix test --cover", coverage assets end up here.
 /cover/
 
diff --git a/lib/mix/tasks/era5_backfill.ex b/lib/mix/tasks/era5_backfill.ex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1151f5f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/mix/tasks/era5_backfill.ex
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+defmodule Mix.Tasks.Era5Backfill do
+  @shortdoc "Enqueue ERA5 fetch jobs for contacts without HRRR data"
+  @moduledoc """
+  Finds contacts where HRRR status is 'unavailable' (pre-2014 or missing from archive)
+  and enqueues ERA5 fetch jobs for their path points.
+
+  Usage:
+      mix era5_backfill              # enqueue all (default limit 1000)
+      mix era5_backfill 5000         # enqueue up to 5000
+  """
+  use Mix.Task
+
+  import Ecto.Query
+
+  alias Microwaveprop.Radio
+  alias Microwaveprop.Radio.Contact
+  alias Microwaveprop.Repo
+  alias Microwaveprop.Weather
+  alias Microwaveprop.Workers.Era5FetchWorker
+
+  @impl Mix.Task
+  def run(args) do
+    Mix.Task.run("app.start")
+
+    limit =
+      case args do
+        [n | _] -> String.to_integer(n)
+        _ -> 1000
+      end
+
+    contacts =
+      Contact
+      |> where([c], c.hrrr_status == :unavailable and not is_nil(c.pos1))
+      |> order_by([c], asc: c.qso_timestamp)
+      |> limit(^limit)
+      |> Repo.all()
+
+    Mix.shell().info("Found #{length(contacts)} contacts needing ERA5 data")
+
+    jobs =
+      contacts
+      |> Enum.flat_map(fn contact ->
+        contact
+        |> Radio.contact_path_points()
+        |> Enum.map(fn {lat, lon} ->
+          rlat = Float.round(lat * 4) / 4
+          rlon = Float.round(lon * 4) / 4
+          valid_time = %{DateTime.truncate(contact.qso_timestamp, :second) | minute: 0, second: 0}
+
+          if Weather.find_nearest_era5(rlat, rlon, valid_time) do
+            nil
+          else
+            Era5FetchWorker.new(%{
+              "lat" => rlat,
+              "lon" => rlon,
+              "valid_time" => DateTime.to_iso8601(valid_time)
+            })
+          end
+        end)
+        |> Enum.reject(&is_nil/1)
+      end)
+      |> Enum.uniq_by(fn changeset -> changeset.changes.args end)
+
+    if jobs == [] do
+      Mix.shell().info("No ERA5 jobs needed (all data already exists)")
+    else
+      jobs
+      |> Enum.chunk_every(400)
+      |> Enum.each(&Oban.insert_all/1)
+
+      Mix.shell().info("Enqueued #{length(jobs)} ERA5 fetch jobs")
+    end
+  end
+end